Oil has been the secret sauce for the Middle East for ages, but that’s beginning to change.
The Chinese are now the top importer and consumer of oil, driven by all that energy-intensive industrialization. US oil consumption is dropping, although exports of refined products have masked this a bit. The US shale boom has also made American energy independent and competitive, which isn’t great for Saudi manipulation and control of oil markets.
Which means Saudi Arabia is losing some of its influence; the US doesn’t need the crude, Saudi Arabia’s costs are rising, and more competitors continue to pump oil regardless of market signals. But the Saudis aren’t completely out of options…they could always just use a little terrorism to destabilize their rivals.