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Nexus X HumectressACADEMIA Letters
Turbulence and Distance Proximities Explains
Contemporary Politics
Dana-Marie Ramjit
Postinternationalism is a theory that describes the modern dynamic political environment that
characterized our world since World War II up to today. This paper discusses two central con-
cepts of postinternationalism: turbulence and distant proximities and how they adequately
describe the current contemporary political environment around our world. Understanding
these concepts enable the formation of realistic policy goals for the future of sustainable pol-
itics.
Postinternationalism or turbulence theory was developed by Rosenau (1990) in the 1970s
to describe an active political environment with minimal or no involvement of the state.
Postinternationalism grew out of a dissatisfaction with state-centric realism, which became
irrelevant in explaining the complex, dynamic, interdependent, and essentially turbulent po-
litical environment emerging after World War II (Ferguson & Mansbach, 2007; Rosenau,
1990).
The aftermath of World War II prompted a rise in specialized labor, collective action, the
changing identity and number of actors, shifting authority structures, diverse goals and new
arrangements, brief partnerships, a reversal of policies, a faster and more demanding world
(Ansell & Trondal, 2017; Rosenau, 1990; Weatherby, et al., 2017). The democratic process
began with the extension of voting rights in the 19th century alongside the mass media (Mc-
Nair, 2017). These new processes eliminated boundaries, causing prolonged disequilibrium
or what Piaget called cognitive disequilibrium, which occurs when tensions are created be-
tween what people know (local) and what they encounter (global) (Kibler, 2011; Rosenau,
2003).
These changes constitute turbulence.
Turbulence and Distance Proximities Explains
Contemporary Politics
Dana-Marie Ramjit
Postinternationalism is a theory that describes the modern dynamic political environment that
characterized our world since World War II up to today. This paper discusses two central con-
cepts of postinternationalism: turbulence and distant proximities and how they adequately
describe the current contemporary political environment around our world. Understanding
these concepts enable the formation of realistic policy goals for the future of sustainable pol-
itics.
Postinternationalism or turbulence theory was developed by Rosenau (1990) in the 1970s
to describe an active political environment with minimal or no involvement of the state.
Postinternationalism grew out of a dissatisfaction with state-centric realism, which became
irrelevant in explaining the complex, dynamic, interdependent, and essentially turbulent po-
litical environment emerging after World War II (Ferguson & Mansbach, 2007; Rosenau,
1990).
The aftermath of World War II prompted a rise in specialized labor, collective action, the
changing identity and number of actors, shifting authority structures, diverse goals and new
arrangements, brief partnerships, a reversal of policies, a faster and more demanding world
(Ansell & Trondal, 2017; Rosenau, 1990; Weatherby, et al., 2017). The democratic process
began with the extension of voting rights in the 19th century alongside the mass media (Mc-
Nair, 2017). These new processes eliminated boundaries, causing prolonged disequilibrium
or what Piaget called cognitive disequilibrium, which occurs when tensions are created be-
tween what people know (local) and what they encounter (global) (Kibler, 2011; Rosenau,
2003).
These changes constitute turbulence.
Attack the System
Categories: Culture Wars/Current Controversies
