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The Independent Review: Spring 2025 Issue Now Available

The Independent Review’s Spring 2025 issue features a symposium on a kind of action economists know well: the “ratchet effect.” This phenomenon is described masterfully by Retired Senior Fellow Robert Higgs in his classic work, Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government. Put simply, the “ratchet effect” refers to how prices, wages, and government spending rise easily, especially during crises (real or created), and rarely go back down, just as a ratchet permits movement only in one direction. Time and again, government has exploited fear to expand its spending and powers…which expansion is almost never reversed.

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FEATURED IN THIS ISSUE

ARTICLES

Extensions and Expansions of the Ratchet Effect

By Abigail R. Hall, Ryan M. Yonk

War and Presidential Greatness

By Chandler Reilly, Vincent J. Geloso

The Varieties of Ecological Rationality in Decision Making and Their Challenge to Behavioral Economics

By Yulie Foka-Kavalieraki

BOOK REVIEWS

The State
By Philip Petit
Reviewed by Phillip W. Magness
Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality
By Angus Deaton
Reviewed by Phillip W. Magness

Daring, clear-headed, and academically rigorous, this is an issue you won’t want to miss.

Full Issue Contents
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